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QUANTUM STABILITY OF THE MUON, TAU, ELECTRON LEPTONS IN RELATION  TO PLANCK MAGNITUDES AND VACUUM.

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SELF INDUCTIVE MODEL. THEORETICAL CALCULATION OF THE HUBBLE´S CONSTANT AND RELATION WITH CMB AND CIB.

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A STUDY OF ENERGY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS.

SPACE TEMPORAL STRUCTURE OF ENERGY.

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Gonzalo A. Moreno Jiménez.

Physics papers.                                               The secret of the Universe is inside the electron..

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1.  A STUDY OF ENERGY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS.

     SPACE TEMPORAL STRUCTURE OF ENERGY.

“ Time is considered like a flow, as a growing magnitude that advances inexorably carrying every possible event, disappearing its trace and assuring its continuity through the predictable future. But past and future are not more than unreal forms, so are they undisputed proofs of the time existence? Can be past and future like energetic instant states inside a characteristic process of energetic variation that we observe as time passage? “.

 

The development of the initial equations shows the “space” like a way that possesses all the necessary characteristics for the development and formation of any observable real process. The vacuum, defined mathematically through the magnitude space characterized by the equation “x=(G∙ε∙μ)∙m”, allows itself the existence of processess of energetic transmission as the electromagnetic radiation, the formation of matter defined by some properties as mass and electrical charge across the spatial curvature, and assures the constancy of light velocity with independence from the velocity of the reference system.

The evolution of the initial hypotheses bears to the known consequences in development of the special relativity theory and relates general relativity with the elemental particles across the spatial curvature and its relation with a constant force value F=c⁴/G and Planck space, time, mass and energy values, all implied in the inertial feature so called mass and also in the electrical charge property. The constant relation E/m=c² is associated to volume through the above mentioned constant force and tension, and the values already defined by Planck appear interpreted as a "coupling" between "x" and Compton's wave length “λ” according to the deduced equation  λx=Gh/c³.

 

 “…The photon would remain trapped by the central punctual mass, only to a distance whose value will be the associated space of mass: r=x=mG/c² , which is  independent of the according to Compton formula photon mass.”

“…a spatial curvature of these characteristics would behave like a photon trapped to a distance r = x from the center of a sphere with that radio, in which every points which conform it to the same distance show a tension T´=c⁴/G.”

 

“…proper time appears as a function of temperature and entropy variation, and second one, in natural processes transmitted at light velocity, proper time does not exist.”

“…Life is a feedback reaction that permits to bear its increasing of entropy which tends to destroy the transmission of information over time, first by using energy to control that entropy variation, and as a certain degradation limit, by using energy to be opportunely renewed into another related system achieving the survival of the information. Information fights unconsciously to be transmitted and not be destroyed by probability.”

 

“…But we need to employ time to predict natural processes we observe, considering it consequently an undisputed probe about the existence of time. In this way we frame an useful entelechy that only exits from the related to the observer system point of view to study other inertial or non inertial external systems, where time does not exist or it is only an equivalence with energy exchange.

 

Even on inertial physical systems with non entropy variations and constant velocity, equivalent to resting systems, or non inertial systems where exist acceleration, with equivalences on gravity or weightlessness depending on direction of the acceleration, time does not exist, although an external observer can to use the concept of time to define that frames. And in turn, one observer placed on a system for which proper time does not exist, could use time to define each other observed external system.

It is only on frames where an entropy variation occur, where we can devise the proper time concept, but considering distinct signs depending on signs of the entropic variation.”

 

“…mass appears from the coupling mass value (coincident with Planck mass) modulated by the interaction between two forces.”

 

- INDEX -

1.- VALIDIDITY OF DIFFERENTIALS EQUATIONS FOR ENERGY AND MASS FUNCTIONS.

In the study of the hypotheses two integration constants appear: Cm y Ce, and the equations are studied with the inclusion of constant and its consequences.

 

2.- HIGH MASSES CONSIDERATION.

Development of the theory with the consideration of zero values for integration constants, or situations in which this approximation is useful.

 

3.- GENERALIZATION OF FORCE IN ITS RELATION WITH ENERGY, MASS AND ASSOCIATED ESPACE “x”.

Generalization of the force involved in the relation energy, mass, space for any speed value.

 

4.- STUDY OF THE VELOCITY-TIME FUNCTION.

 

5.- TERMODINAMIC STUDY OF THE ASSOCIATED TO ENERGY-MASS PROPER TIME.

Application of the hypotheses. Implications time, energy variation and entropy variation.

5.1.-Generalization in complex systems.

Study of the physical meaning of the implications in a macroscopic level.

 

6.-COUPLING.

Particular conditions of surroundings.

 

7.- STUDY OF ENERGETIC VALUE AND IMPULSE IMPLICATED IN “m,x” RELATION REFERING TO COUPLING.

Application of the F=c⁴/G value in the previous conditions of surroundings. Value of the unification of forces and energy.

 

8.-PHYSICAL INTERPRETATION OF THE ASSOCIATED SPACE.

Study of the physical meaning of the space implied in the inertial character of mass from the study of the following concepts:

8.1.- Study of the pressure in a isotropic medium defined by its equivalence space-mass.

8.2.-Tension of a string with linear density µ=m/L, on which a wave with speed c is transmitted.

8.3.- Equivalence work-energy-mass.

8.4.- Application to an inertial system of spherical curvature.

 

9.-PHYSICAL MEANING OF CHARGE AND MASS MAGNITUDES.

Magnitudes charge and mass appear from their coupling values (coincident with Planck mass and an unified charge) modulated by the interaction between two forces.

9.1.- THEORETICAL SUPPORT.

9.2.- QUANTIZATION OF MAGNITUDES.

 

 

Paper1 page (PDF) (451KB)

 

 

 

 

2. QUANTUM STABILITY OF THE MUON, TAU, ELECTRON LEPTONS IN RELATION TO PLANCK MAGNITUDES AND VACUUM. QUANTIZATION OF ELECTRIC CHARGE AND MASS.

     From the study of the vacuum capacity as a sufficient medium in its relation with the Planck magnitudes in the formation and development of observable and real processes such as electrical charge and rest mass, the close existing relationships among tau, muon and electron leptonic particles are detailed as well as the definition for tau and muon as symmetrical components of an orderly body defined by spatial relations which only permits the formation of some structures by an only and reproducible way.

The values obtained from the developed theoretical equations for muon and tau leptons rest mass equivalent are:

m(µ)·c²=105,65763 62(83) Mev ; m(τ)·c²=1778,578 255(140) Mev.

Taking the reference of experimental muon rest mass value due to accuracy in mass measurement, the relative error is e_r(µ)=0,0000068.

 

- INDEX -

1.– Quantization of electrical charge.

1.1.– Quantization of electrical charge. Supplementary conditions.

2.– Theoretical support and relation with electron mass.

3.– Tau-muon relationships. Rest mass values calculation and conclusions.

 

 

 

Paper2 page (PDF) (199KB)

 

 

 

 

3. SELF INDUCTIVE MODEL. THEORETICAL CALCULATION OF THE HUBBLE CONSTANT AND RELATION WITH CMB AND CIB.

   The cosmological displacement of spectral lines observed between different noticeable cosmic objects and Earth depends initially on the relative speeds between them. The present model sets out to evaluate the value of the Hubble constant H₀ by taking account of the behaviour of variable electric and magnetic fields, which shapes electromagnetic transmission to produce a spectral red-shift. Application of the model to a sampling of galaxy and quasars leads to a surprising relationship between the CMB, CIB and the cosmological red-shift, as well as to the discrepancy in the conventional distance to quasars.

 

∙ Galilean Electrodynamics. Vol.19, N.5, pag.83-87, Sept.-Oct.2008.

 

Paper3 page (PDF) (1,3MB)

 

 

 

 

3.1. THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS COMPARISON.                   (Periodically updated)

Experimental source: Harvard-Smithsonian  Center for Astrophysics. John Huchra [1]. Estimates of the Hubble´s constant.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3.2. EXPERIMENTAL DATA COMPILATION OF THE HUBBLE CONSTANT. Estimates of the Hubble constant along time.

(Periodically updated)

Experimental source: Harvard-Smithsonian  Center for Astrophysics. John Huchra.

http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/~huchra/ ; http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/~huchra/hubble.plot.dat

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

©2009 The Author

Quantization of electric charge and mass.